Desigualdades en permanencia y rendimiento académico en entornos virtuales
análisis comparativo entre estudiantes inmigrantes y ecuatorianos en ecuador participantes de un curso de formación contínua en moodle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880003319Palabras clave:
rendimiento académico, educación virtual, estudiantes inmigrantes, Moodle, análisis multivariadoResumen
Este estudio analiza las desigualdades en la permanencia y el rendimiento académico entre estudiantes inmigrantes y ecuatorianos, tanto jóvenes como adultos, que participaron en un curso universitario de formación continua desarrollado en modalidad virtual en Ecuador. A partir de registros automatizados de la plataforma Moodle y datos institucionales, se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, comparativo y multivariado. Los resultados evidencian una tasa de deserción significativamente mayor entre estudiantes migrantes (más del 40 %), pese a que quienes culminan el curso alcanzan niveles de rendimiento y participación equivalentes a sus pares ecuatorianos. Además, se identificó un uso más intensivo de materiales complementarios por parte de los estudiantes migrantes, lo que podría reflejar estrategias compensatorias o mayor motivación. El modelo de regresión logística mostró alta capacidad predictiva del abandono académico (AUC = 0.949)...
Referencias
ALARCÓN, Renato D.; LOZANO-VARGAS, Antonio; VELÁSQUEZ, Elvia; GAVIRIA, Silvia; ORDOÑEZ- MANCHENO, José; LUCIO, Miriam; URIBE, Alina. Migración Venezolana en América Latina: Historia y Aspectos Socio-Demográficos. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, v. 85, n. 2, p. 107-116, 2022. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v85i2.4228
ARÉVALO-CORDOVILLA, Felipe; PEÑA, Marta. Comparative analysis of machine learning models for predicting student success in online programming courses: a study based on LMS data and external factors. Mathematics, v. 12, n. 20, p. 3272, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math12203272
AYALA-CHAUVIN, Manuel; LARA-ÁLVAREZ, Patricio; CASTRO, Ricardo. Data analysis for performance improvement of university students using IoT. In: GUARDA, Teresa; PORTELA, Filipe; DÍAZ-NAFRIA, Jose M. (eds.). Advanced Research in Technologies, Information, Innovation and Sustainability. ARTIIS 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, v. 1937. Cham: Springer, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48930-3_35
BAEK, Clare; DOLECK, Tenzin. Educational data mining: a bibliometric analysis of an emerging field. IEEE Access, v. 10, p. 31289-31296, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3160457
BARBOSA PEREZ, Jaime; RESTREPO OCHOA, Jorge; RESTREPO CADAVID, Andres; ROMAN CALDERON, Juan; RESTREPO GARCIA, Carlos. Effect of a virtual environment evaluation system on academic performance in a Statics course in Engineering. In: Proceedings of the LACCEI International Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology, Lima, Peru, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2018.1.1.117
BERVELL, Brandford; UMAR, Irfan Naufal. A decade of LMS acceptance and adoption research in Sub-Sahara African higher education: a systematic review of models, methodologies, milestones and main challenges. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, v. 13, n. 11, p. 7269-7286, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79444
BINSTOCK, Georgina; CERRUTTI, Marcela. Adolescentes inmigrantes en escuelas medias de Buenos Aires: experiencias de discriminación y barreras para la integración. Desarrollo Económico, v. 55, n. 217, p. 387-410, 2016. Disponible en: https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/44704
CARDENAS, Lizette; CASTANO, Leticia; GUZMAN, Cristina; ALVAREZ, Juan. Personalised learning model for academic leveling and improvement in higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, v. 38, n. 2, p. 70-82, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7084
CARRERA, Paola; ALENCASTRE, Jean; PARRA, Edison; RODAS, Guadalupe. Exploring the use of technological tools to enhance collaborative learning in higher education institutions. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, v. 22, n. 2, p. 574-589, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.0042
CELIS, Sergio; LÓPEZ, Dany; SILVA, Javier. Analyzing the influence of online behaviors and learning approaches on academic performance in first year engineering. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2019. Disponible en: https://www-scopus-com.ehu.idm.oclc.org/pages/publications/85070926093
CÉLLERI, Daniela. Situación laboral y aporte económico de inmigrantes en el centro/sur de Quito-Ecuador. Quito: Fundación Rosa Luxemburg Oficina Región Andina, 2020. Disponible en: https://www.rosalux.org.ec/pdfs/SituacionLaboralYAporteEconomicoDeInmigrantes.pdf
CERRUTTI, Marcela; BINSTOCK, Georgina. Los estudiantes inmigrantes en la escuela secundaria. Integración y desafíos. Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF), 2012. Disponible en: https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/187945
COBO-RENDON, Rubia; LOBOS PEÑA, Karla; MELLA-NORAMBUENA, Javier; CISTERNAS SAN MARTIN, Nataly; PEÑA, Fernando. Longitudinal analysis of teacher technology acceptance and its relationship to resource viewing and academic performance of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, v. 13, n. 21, p. 12167, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112167
COUSSEMENT, Kristof; PHAN, Minh; DE CAIGNY, Arno; BENOIT, Dries F.; RAES, Annelies. Predicting student dropout in subscription-based online learning environments: the beneficial impact of the logit leaf model. Decision Support Systems, v. 140, p. 113429, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2020.113325
CUTRI, Rodrigo; STEM, Nair; NETO, Octavio. Study of speeds of collision in traffic accidents: physics modeling competences and soft-skills development. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2023. Disponible en: https://www-scopus-com.ehu.idm.oclc.org/pages/publications/85172161222
DE HAAS, Hein. Los mitos de la migración. 22 falsos mantras sobre el tema que más nos divide. Barcelona: Península, 2023. Disponible en: https://www.marcialpons.es/media/pdf/56970_Los_mitos_de_la_inmigracion.pdf
DE JESÚS ARAIZA, María; GARCÍA, Mariel. Impact of an LMS platform on the academic performance of postgraduate students: a study from data analytics. International Journal of Technologies in Learning, v. 28, n. 1, p. 75-91, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-0144/CGP/V28I01/75-91
DÍAZ-CHOQUE, Martín; CHAMORRO-ATALAYA, Omar; ORTEGA-GALICIO, Orlando Adrian; ARÉVALO-TUESTA, José Antonio; CÁCERES-CAYLLAHUA, Elvira; DÁVILA-LAGUNA, Ronald Fernando; AYBAR-BELLIDO, Irma Esperanza; SIGUAS-JERÓNIMO, Yina Betty. Contributions of data mining to university education, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, v. 19, n. 12, p. 16-33, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v19i12.40079
EGUIGUREN, María.; MARTENS, Cheryl.; GODOY, Diego. Migración en contexto de pandemia: las respuestas políticas en el Ecuador. Cuadernos del Cendes, v. 39, n. 111, p. 29-59, 2022. Disponible en: https://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_cc/article/view/26357
ELÍAS, Alison; GRANADA, Isabel; NÄSLUND-HADLEY, Emma; ORTIZ, Paola; ROMERO, María; DÁVALOS, Adela. Migración y educación. Desafíos y oportunidades. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2022. Disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/es/migracion-y-educacion-desafios-y-oportunidades
ESCOBAR-RODRÍGUEZ, Tomás; MONGE-LOZANO, Pedro. The acceptance of Moodle technology by business administration students. Computers & Education, v. 58, n. 4, p. 1085-1093, 2012. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.11.012
ESPONDA-PÉREZ, Jorge; MOUSSE, Mikael; ALMUFTI, Saman; HARIS, Ikhfan; ERDANOVA, Sevara; TSAREV, Roman. Applying multiple regression to evaluate academic performance of students in e-learning. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70595-3_24
FERNÁNDEZ-TAPIA, Joselito. La ciudadanía, educación y migración internacional: el caso de México, 2007–2020. Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, v. 15, p. 1-32, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m15.cemi
GAMAGE, Sithara; AYRES, Jennifer; BEHREND, Monica. A systematic review on trends in using Moodle for teaching and learning. International Journal of STEM Education, v. 9, n. 9, p. 1-24, 2022. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00323-x
GAMÉZ PÉREZ, Irenia.; OSORIO VILLAVICENCIO, Nina.; GARCÍA ROMERO, Julian. The streets of hunger in Ecuador: A study of recent Venezuelan migration. Revista Colombiana de Sociología, v. 43, n. 1, p. 37–58, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v43n1.79131
GISSI BARBIERI, Nicolás; RAMÍREZ GALLEGOS, Jacques; OSPINA GRAJALES, María del Pilar; PINCOWSKA CARDOSO CAMPOS, Bárbara; POLO ALVIS, Sebastián. Responses of the Countries of the South American Pacific Regarding Venezuelan Migration: Comparative Study of Migration Policies in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Dialogo Andino, n. 63, p. 219–233, 2020. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0719-26812020000300219
GONZÁLEZ, Carlos; LÓPEZ, Dany; CALLE-ARANGO, Lina; MONTENEGRO, Helena; CLASING, Paula. Chilean university students’ digital learning technology usage patterns and approaches to learning. ECNU Review of Education, v. 5, n. 1, p. 37-64, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311211073538
GRANJA CAMACHO, Mario. The rights of migrant women and their guarantee within the Ecuadorian State. Revista Científica UISRAEL, v. 8, n. 1, p. 147-161, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35290/rcui.v8n1e.2021.523
HERRERA, Gioconda. Gender and international migration in latin-american experience. from visibilization of the area to the selective presence. Política y Sociedad, v. 49, n. 1, p. 35-46, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_POSO.2012.v49.n1.36518
HERRERA-GRANDA, Erick; LOOR-BAUTISTA, Jonathan; MINA-ORTEGA, Jorge. Incidence of metaphorical virtual classrooms and interactive learning objects in the interaction of online students: an Ecuadorian case study. Applied Sciences, v. 14, n. 15, p. 6447, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156447
HIDALGO CAJO, Byron. Data mining in learning management systems in university education. Campus Virtuales, 2018. Disponible en: https://www-scopus-com.ehu.idm.oclc.org/pages/publications/85058481231
INEC. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTADÍSTICA Y CENSOS. Registro Estadístico de Entradas y Salidas Internacionales, 2021. Boletín Técnico N°01-2022-REESI. Quito, 2022. Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Poblacion_y_Demografia/Migracion/2021/Documentos_ESI_CGTPE/Bolet%C3%ADn%20T%C3%A9cnico%20ESI%202021.pdf
LOBOS, Karla; SÁEZ-DELGADO, Fabiola; COBO-RENDÓN, Rubia; MELLA NORAMBUENA, Javier; MALDONADO TRAPP, Alejandra; CISTERNAS SAN MARTÍN, Nataly; JOFRÉ, Carola Bruna. Learning beliefs, time on platform, and academic performance during the COVID-19 in university STEM students. Frontiers in Psychology, v. 12, p. 1-12, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780852
LUZES, Marta et al. Percepción Pública y Convivencia en Movilidad Humana en Ecuador. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, 2023. Disponible en: http://www.derechosmovilidadhumana.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Estudio-percepcion-sobre-ejercicio-derechos-acceso-a-servicios-convivencia-movilidad-humana.pdf
MANTILLA, Jorge. Digital solidarity and migrations: analysis on the use of digital technologies among Venezuelan citizens in Quito, Ecuador. Estudios Fronterizos, v. 23, p. e102, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.2218102
MÁRQUEZ-DOMÍNGUEZ, Carmelo.; ASPRINO SALAS, Marilena.; CORNEJO DÁVILA, Lizbeth. Journalistic Coverage Of Migration In Ecuador During The 2020 States Of Exception. Contratexto, n. 38, p. 227-258, 2022. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2022.n038.5463
MONDACA-ROJAS, Carlos; ZAPATA-SEPÚLVEDA, Pamela; MUÑOZ-HENRÍQUEZ, Wilson. Historia, nacionalismo y discriminación en las escuelas de la frontera norte de Chile. Diálogo Andino, n. 63, p. 261-270, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0719-26812020000300261
MUSTAFA, Ahmed Salim; ALI, Noorhazilah. The Adoption and Use of Moodle in Online Learning: A Systematic Review. Information Sciences Letters, v. 12, n. 1, p. 341-351, 2023. Disponible en: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/isl/vol12/iss1/29.
NIÑO ARGUELLES, Yanexi L.; ÁLVAREZ SANTANA, Carmita; GIOVANNI LOCATELLI, Fabio. Venezuelan Migration, Aporophobia in Ecuador and Resilience of Venezuelan Immigrants in Manta, 2020 Period. Revista San Gregorio, n. 43, p. 92-108, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1i43.1424
NOREÑA-CARDONA, Paula et al. Integration of human sustainability practices to a LMS using cognitive functions for early dropout risk alerts at Universidad EAFIT: a representation in PCS. In: ABREU, António; CARVALHO, João Vidal; MESQUITA, Anabela; SOUSA PINTO, Agostinho; MENDONÇA TEIXEIRA, Marcelo (eds.). Perspectives and Trends in Education and Technology. ICITED 2024. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer, 2025, p. 248-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78155-1_24
PALACIOS SANABRIA, María.; LONDOÑO TORO, Beatriz.; HURTADO DÍAZ, Nathalia. Migratory experiences: Good local practices in South American cities. Derecho PUCP, n. 86, p. 323-362, 2021. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/derechopucp.202101.010
PENAHERRERA, Maria; GUEVARA, Cesar; CORONEL, Dennys. Development of an LMS prototype to improve the learning of higher basic education students applying the flipped classroom methodology. In: 18th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Aveiro, Portugal, 2023, p. 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI58278.2023.10212066
RODRIGUES, Rodrigo Lins; RAMOS, Jorge Luis Cavalcanti; SILVA, João Carlos Sedraz; DOURADO, Raphael A.; GOMES, Alex Sandro. Forecasting students' performance through self-regulated learning behavioral analysis. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, v. 17, n. 3, p. 52-74, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDET.2019070104
ROGERS, Jama; MERCADO, Tamara; DECANO, Ronald. Moodle interactions and academic performance: educational data mining in a Philippine university. EDUCAUSE Quarterly, v. 19, n. 1, p. 52-74, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v19i1.21549.
SALAS-MARTINEZ, Ángel; RAMIREZ-MARTINELL, Alberto; MARTINEZ-RAMOS, Samuel. Towards a learning analytics model in higher education applied to a LMS in virtual education based on motivation indicators for permanence. In: Proceedings – 2024 12th International Conference in Software Engineering Research and Innovation (CONISOFT), Puerto Escondido, Mexico, 2024, p. 349-355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CONISOFT63288.2024.00052
SALAS-RUEDA, Ricardo; ALVARADO-ZAMORANO, Clara. Teachers’ perceptions about the use of learning management systems during the COVID-19 pandemic considering data science. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, v. 25, n. 1, p. 260-272, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1090350
SANDOVAL, Augusto; GONZALEZ, Carlos; ALARCON, Rosa; PICHARA, Karim; MONTENEGRO, Maximiliano. Centralized student performance prediction in large courses based on low-cost variables in an institutional context. The Internet and Higher Education, v. 37, p. 76-89, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2018.02.002
SANTIAGO, Juárez Brenda; OLIVARES RAMÍREZ, Juan Manuel; RODRÍGUEZ-RESÉNDIZ, Juvenal; DECTOR, Andrés; GARCÍA GARCÍA, Raúl; GONZÁLEZ-DURÁN, José Eli Eduardo; FERRIOL SÁNCHEZ, Fermín. Learning management system-based evaluation to determine academic efficiency performance. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 10, p. 4256, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104256
SARWAT, Samina; ULLAH, Naeem; SADIQ, Saima; SALEEM, Robina; UMER, Muhammad; ESHMAWI, Ala’ Abdulmajid; MOHAMED, Abdullah; ASHRAF, Imran. Predicting Students’ Academic Performance with Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Deep SVM. Sensors, v. 22, n. 13, p. 4834, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134834.
SEGOVIA SARMIENTO, Joselin Katerine; TRELLES ESTRELLA, Karina Graciela; VILLARREAL PUGA, Josué; ARAUJO ALBARRÁN, Karen Eloina; VICUÑA ALMEIDA, Soraya Elizabeth; ABAD ROMERO, Guillermo Emilio; MANSUTTI RODRÍGUEZ, Alexander Antonio. Cifras de la inmigración estudiantil en Ecuador. Boletín Observa UNAE, n. 9, p. 1-65, 2025. Disponible en: https://revistas.unae.edu.ec/index.php/observaUNAE/article/view/1162
SUNDARASEN, Sheela; CHINNA, Karuthan; KAMALUDIN, Kamilah; NURUNNABI, Mohammad; BALOCH, Gul Mohammad; KHOSHAIM, Heba Bakr; HOSSAIN, Syed Far Abid; SUKAYT, Areej. Psychological impact of COVID-19 and lockdown among university students in Malaysia: Implications and policy recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 17, n. 17, p. 1–13, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176206
TAMADA, Mariela; GIUSTI, Rafael; NETTO, José. Predicting students at risk of dropout in technical course using LMS logs. Electronics, v. 11, n. 3, p. 468, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030468
THEN, Reymi; LARRONDO-PETRIE, Maria. Portable laboratory for electrical engineering education: the LAB-VEE ecosystem developed in Latin America and the Caribbean. In: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2023. Disponible en: https://www-scopus-com.ehu.idm.oclc.org/pages/publications/85172109159
TORRES CANDELEJO, Jony. M.; NARANJO NAVAS, Christian. Venezuelan migration in Riobamba: process of assimilation and adaptation of Venezuelan migrants to the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. Revista de Ciencias Humanísticas y Sociales (ReHuSo), v. 4, n. 1, p. 47-68, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33936/rehuso.v4i1.1631
VILLAMARIN BARRAGAN, Frantz Dimitri; FREILE CARTAGENA, Nina Geovanna; VINUEZA ARROYO, Giovanna Fernanda; LIMAICO MINA, Josue Ramón. Irregular Migration of Vulnerable Groups to Ecuador: a Non-Observance of Human Rights. Universidad y Sociedad, v. 14, n. S4, p. 108–117, 2022. Disponible en: https://rus.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/rus/article/view/3117
VILLARREAL PUGA, Josué; ARAUJO-ALBARRÁN, Karen. Desafíos en la integración de estudiantes venezolanos en el subnivel medio de la Educación General Básica en Ecuador. REMHU, Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana, v. 32, e321975, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880003222
ZAPATA, Mireya; POLO-MANTUANO, Juan. A virtual learning environments as training tools: an experience with NEO LMS in physics teaching. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80091-8_37
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Marcos Villarreal-Puga, Josué Villarreal Puga

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los autores/as conservarán plenos derechos de autor sobre su obra y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição BY , que permite a terceros la redistribución, con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
Los autores pueden autoarchivar sus manuscritos aceptados, publicarlos en blogs personales, repositorios institucionales y redes sociales académicas, así como publicarlos en sus redes sociales personales, siempre que se incluya la cita completa de la versión original de la revista.

