Para uma compreensão ecológico-política da migração da Tunísia
Explorando o papel das políticas de energia na desertificação dos ecossistemas do sul
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-858525038800032209Palavras-chave:
energia, Mediterrâneo, migrante climático, renovável, TunísiaResumo
Este artigo examina o fenômeno das pessoas em movimento, considerando o impacto humano e ambiental das políticas energéticas voltadas para a exportação, por meio do estudo de caso do território e das comunidades do sul da Tunísia. A análise visa interrogar a relação negligenciada entre o contexto socioeconômico dos territórios, que abrigam infraestruturas energéticas de grande impacto, o consequente controle sobre os ecossistemas “humanos” e “naturais” que habitam esses territórios e seu abandono, que leva à migração. A pesquisa lança luz sobre como as medidas coercitivas e as políticas opressivas priorizam a extração máxima de recursos, privando os cidadãos locais de sua agência. Assim sendo, as comunidades deixam de resistir à implantação de infraestruturas energéticas, o que leva ao abandono de suas terras e à perda de controle sobre os recursos naturais. Ao adotar uma abordagem de ecologia política, este artigo visa expandir a categoria de migrantes climáticos, argumentando que o critério econômico não pode ser omitido nem separado do climático. O estudo de caso do sul da Tunísia exemplifica a dinâmica da precariedade e da pobreza estrutural subjacente à migração. É uma dinâmica típica dos territórios onde, paradoxalmente, são extraídos e exportados recursos de alto valor agregado, como petróleo e gás, bem como energia renovável.
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