La Innovación y la Migración calificada en la Encrucijada: reflexiones a partir de la Experiencia Mexicana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880004710Keywords:
migración calificada, innovación, patentes, globalización neoliberal, bienes comunes intangiblesAbstract
Se analiza la migración calificada desde un prisma analítico que hasta ahora había sido esencialmente ignorado en la literatura especializada: la profunda reestructuración que experimentan los sistemas de innovación en el marco de la globalización neoliberal y bajo la batuta de Estados Unidos. Además de dilucidar las principales transformaciones que acusan los sistemas de innovación a nivel mundial, se examina el incremento explosivo que han tenido las patentes en el curso de las últimas dos décadas, el cual ha venido acompañado de una creciente participación de científicos y tecnólogos proveniente de países periféricos y emergentes. A partir de esta mirada analítica y tomando como referente el caso de la migración calificada mexicana, se aportan algunos elementos tendientes a desentrañar las nuevas modalidades de intercambio desigual que emergen en el horizonte Norte-Sur y que tienen como trasfondo una mercantilización y apropiación privada sin precedentes del conocimiento, en tanto bien común intangible.
Skilled migration is analyzed through an analytical framework that so far has been essentially ignored in the specialized literature on the subject: the deep restructuration process to which innovation systems have been subjected under the context of neoliberal globalization and the leadership of the United States. Besides unraveling the main transformations undertaken by innovation systems worldwide, the explosive growth of patents that has taken place during the last two decades is analyzed. This trend has been accompanied by an increasing participation of scientists and technicians from peripheral and emerging countries. From this particular analytical lens and taking as a reference the Mexican case, several elements aimed at disentangling the new modalities of unequal exchange that have emerged along the North-South divide are provided. At the background of this embryonic trend underlies an unprecedented commodification and appropriation of knowledge, as an intangible common good.
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