Traiettorie di ricostruzione e negoziazione delle relazioni di genere nella migrazione forzata
L’intimità tra le famiglie siriane in Libano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880006806Palavras-chave:
rifugiati siriani, relazioni e ruoli di genere, agentività nella migrazione forzataResumo
L’articolo esplora l’impatto della migrazione forzata sulle relazioni di genere tra le famiglie siriane in Libano e si propone di analizzare alcune delle trasformazioni che hanno interessato le relazioni intime delle famiglie rifugiate. Si concentra in particolare su come donne e uomini in esilio ricostruiscono l’intimità attraverso l’uso della resilienza come dimensione di agentività (agency). Le domande di ricerca a cui l’articolo risponde sono due: qual è l’impatto della migrazione forzata sull’intimità? Come vengono ricostruite le relazioni nella migrazione forzata? Basandosi su uno studio etnografico svolto in Libano tra il 2017 e il 2019, questo articolo propone una lettura della resilienza come tecnica di negoziazione attiva e creativa delle relazioni e di ricostruzione dell’intimità nella migrazione forzata.
Referências
AKBAR, Marshia; PRESTON, Valerie. Migration and Resilience. Exploring the stock of knowledge. Review of literature 2000-2016. York University, 2019.
ADGER, W. Neil. Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in Human Geography, v. 24, n. 3, p. 347-364, 2000.
AL-HAYEK, Katty. Untold stories of Syrian women surviving war. Syria Studies, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-30, 2015.
ARNETZ, Judith; ROFA, Yoasif; ARNETZ, Bengt; VENTIMIGLIA, Matthew; JAMIL, Hikmet. Resilience as a Protective Factor Against the Development of Psychopathology Among Refugees. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, v. 201, n. 3, p. 167-172, 2013.
BIVAND ERDAL, Marta; PAWLAK, Marek. Reproducing, transforming and contesting gender relations and identities through migration and transnational ties. Gender, Place & Culture, v. 2, n. 6, p. 882-898, 2018.
BLUNT, Alison; DOWLING, Robyn. Home. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.
BRUN, Catherine; FÁBOS, Anita. Making home in limbo? A conceptual framework. Refuge, v. 31, n. 1, p. 5-17, 2015.
CHALCRAFT, John. Invisible cage. Syrian migrant workers in Lebanon. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.
CULCASI, Karen. ‘We are women and men now’: Intimate spaces and coping labour for Syrian women refugees in Jordan. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, tran.12292, 2019.
DEARDORFF MILLER, Sarah. Political and Humanitarian Responses to Syrian Displacement. London: Routledge, 2017.
DIONIGI, Filippo. The Syrian Refugee Crisis in Lebanon: State Fragility and Social Resilience. [Paper series 15]. London School of Economics. Middle East Centre, 2016. Retrieved from: <http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/65565/1/Dionigi_Syrian_Refugees%20in%20Lebanon_Author_2016.pdf>.
EL-ASMAR, Francesca; SHAWAF, Nour; MIKDASHI, Dalia. ‘No one asked...’ Amplifying the voices of Syrian refugee women in Lebanon on their power to decide. Oxfam International, 2019. Retrieved from: <https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/rr-no-one-asked-syrian-refugee-women-lebanon-051119-en.pdf>.
EL-MUFTI, Karim. Official response to the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon, the disastrous policy of no-policy (Report No. 01/10). Beirut: Civil Society Knowledge Centre, Lebanon Support, 2014. Retrieved from: <https://civilsociety-centre.org/pdf-generate/17211>.
EMIRBAYER, Mustafa; MISCHE, Ann. What Is Agency? American Journal of Sociology, v. 103, n. 4, p. 962-1023, 1998.
ESSED, Philomena; FRERKS, Georg; SCHRIJVERS, Joje (eds.). Refugees and the Transformation of Societies: Agency, Policies, Ethics and Politics. New York: Berghahn, 2004.
EVANS, Brad; REID, Julian. Exhausted by resilience: Response to the commentaries. Resilience: International Policies, Practices and Discourses, v. 3, n. 2, p. 154-159, 2015.
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH, Elena. Introduction. In: FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH, Elena (ed.). Refuge in a Moving World: Refugee and Migrant Journeys across Disciplines. London: UCL Press, 2020.
FREEDMAN, Jane; KIVILCIM, Zeynep; ÖZGÜR BAKLACIOGLU, Nurcan (eds.). A Gendered Approach to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2017.
FOLKE, Carl; CARPENTER, Stephen R.; WALKER, Brian; SCHEFFER, Marten; CHAPIN Terry; ROCKSTRÖM, Johan. Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, v. 15, n. 4, p. 20, 2010.
HALL, Peter A.; LAMONT, Michèle. Introduction. In: HALL, Peter A.; LAMONT, Michèle (eds.). Social Resilience in the Neoliberal Era. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013, p. 1-31.
HONDAGNEU-SOTELO, Pierrette. Overcoming patriarchal constraints: The reconstruction of gender relations among Mexican immigrant women and men. Gender & Society, v. 6, n. 3, p. 393-415, 1992.
HYMAN, Ilene; MASON, Robin; GURUGE, Sepali; BERMAN, Helene; KANAGARATNAM, Pushpa; MANUEL, Lisa. Perceptions of factors contributing to intimate partner violence among Sri Lankan Tamil immigrant women in Canada. Health Care Women International, v. 32, n. 9, p. 779-794, 2011.
JAMIESON, Lynn. Intimacy as a concept: Explaining social change in the context of globalisation or another form of ethnocentricism? Sociological Research Online, v. 16, n. 4, p. 151-163, 2011.
KABEER, Naila. Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Development and Change, v. 30, n. 3, p. 435-464, 1999.
KEEDI, Anthony; YAGHI, Zeina; BARKER, Gary.‘We Can Never Go Back to How Things Were Before.’ A Qualitative Study on War, Masculinities, and Gender Relations with Lebanese and Syrian Refugee Men and Women. Beirut, Lebanon: ABAAD, and Washington, D.C.: Promundo, 2017. Retrieved from: <https://promundoglobal.org/resources/understanding-masculinities-results-international-men-gender-equality-survey-images-middle-east-north-africa>.
KRAUSE, Ultike. Analysis of empowerment of refugee women in camps and settlements. Journal of Internal Displacement, v. 4, n. 1, p. 29-52, 2014.
LENETTE, Caroline; MAROR, Apuk; MANWARING, Serena. Mothers and daughters: Redefining cultural continuity through South Sudanese women’s artistic practices. Journal of Intercultural Studies, v. 40, n. 6, p. 751-771, 2019.
MOURAD, Lama. Inaction as policy-making: Understanding Lebanon’s early response to the refugee influx. Pompes Studies, v. 25, p. 49-55, 2017.
PAPADOPOULOS, Renos; GIONAKIS, Nikos. Padri rifugiati. Vulnerabilità e resilienza. Franco Angeli, 2017.
PICKREN, Wade. What Is Resilience and How Does It Relate to the Refugee Experience? Historical and Theoretical Perspectives. In: SIMICH, Laura; ANDERMANN, Lisa (eds.). Refuge and Resilience. International Perspectives on Migration. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014, p. 7-26.
RENKENS, José; ROMMES, Els; van den MUIJSENBERGH, Maria. Refugees’ Agency: On Resistance, Resilience, and Resources. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 19, n. 2, 2022.
RIZKALLA, Niveen; SEGAL, Steven P. War can harm intimacy: Consequences for refugees who escaped Syria. Journal of Global Health, v. 9, n. 2, 020407, 2019.
SARABWE, Emmanuel; RICHTERS, Annemiek; VYSMA, Marianne. Marital conflict in the aftermath of genocide in Rwanda: An explorative study within the context of community based sociotherapy. Intervention (Amstelveen), v. 16, p. 14-21, 2018.
SCHAEFER, Mark T.; OLSON, David H. Assessing intimacy: The PAIR Inventory. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, v. 7, n. 1, p. 47-60, 1981.
UNHCR – The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Women Alone; The Fight for Survival of Syria’s Refugee Women. Geneva: UNHCR, 2014. Retrieved from: <https://www.refworld.org/docid/53be84aa4.html>.
______. Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon. Geneva: UNHCR, 2019. Retrieved from: <https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/73118>.
WACHTER, Karin; HORN, Rebecca; FRIIS, Elsa; FALB, Kathryn; WARD, Leora; APIO, Christine; WANJIKU, Sophia; PUFFER, Eve. Drivers of intimate partner violence against women in three refugee camps. Violence Against Women, v. 24, n. 3, p. 286- 306, 2018.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição BY que permite que os artigos sejam reutilizados e distribuídos sem restrição, desde que seja reconhecida a autoria e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
Os Autores têm permissão de autoarquivar seus manuscritos aceitos, publicando-os em blogs pessoais, repositórios institucionais e mídias sociais acadêmicas, bem como postando-os em suas mídias sociais pessoais, desde que seja incluída a citação completa da versão original da revista.
